Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Hospitality Operation Management Essay Example for Free
Hospitality Operation Management Essay Executive Summary This report is based on the findings from Tripadvisor that aimed to examine theissues of in Bella Vista Hotel and Resort Langkawi and provided therecommendations for improving housekeeping management in the futureexpansion. The findings in this report are according to the comments fromguests who had been staying in Bella Vista Hotel and Resort previously and makethe judgments on those serious issues in this particular hotel. The studyconfirmed the existing of inappropriate hotel housekeeping operation andmanagement would strongly influence the image of hotel and lead this hoteltowards low revenue. This report discusses on four issues of Bella Vista Hoteland Resort which are room hygiene and cleanliness concerns, inappropriatemaintenance, bathroom and amenities as well as inconsistent manpowermanagement and other service. Because of the massive growth of travelers around the world, the guestsââ¬Å¸ perception to the hotel rooms have been shifted differently compared the past. Hotel guests are looking forward a comfortableroom and proper hotel management when they are staying in particular hotel toincrease the satisfaction of guests. It is shown that the comments from hotelguests are effective means of evaluating the issues of Bella Vista Hotel andResort and the application of recommendations are highlighted. Introduction to assignment objectives Hospitality environment has always played a key role in the tourism and hotelculture. Lodging or Accommodation with service is the center of any hotel in theworld, but recently, it has been facing many problems. Society nowadays shiftsthe concerns from traditional style with high-class service and room amenities tothe flexibly modern way of saving money or budget oriented style due to thechanges of preferences, economic crisis and other external factors. Guestsbecome smarter and pickier when they choose the hotel to stay. The hotelsattempting to succeed have to forecast what the new trend is. And they alsoshould consider of combining two elements of luxury and budget in one coreproduct à room (Power, 2005).Malaysia is early named as one of the most popular tourist destinationsworldwide. With its significant hot spots, especially in island areas, tourists areincreasingly coming to Malaysia and enjoying their trip with affordable price.Langkawi islands (Malaysia) and its hotels serve a thousand of tourists annually,which means to sustain the quality and quantity, the hotels in this isolated islandput as much effort as possible. With the combination of the custom ersââ¬Å¸Ã expectation factors such as low rate and high quality in service, the frequency of guestsââ¬Å¸ returns inclines tremendously in Langkawi. However, in an isolated area with many issues can be happened, and to solve the problems, it could beanalyzed critically and particularly.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Emergency Room Overutilization Essay -- Emergency Room Misuse
Emergency room over utilization is one of the leading causes of todayââ¬â¢s ever increasing healthcare costs. The majority of the patients seen in emergency rooms across the nation are Medicaid recipients, for non-emergent reasons. The federal government initiated Medicaid Managed Care programs to offer better healthcare delivery, adequately compensate providers and reduce healthcare costs. Has Medicaid Managed Care addressed the issues and solved the problem? The answer is ââ¬ËYesââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËNoââ¬â¢. Throughout the early 1980ââ¬â¢s and 1990ââ¬â¢s the Federal Medicaid program was challenged by rapidly rising Medicaid program costs and an increasing number of uninsured population. One of the primary reasons for the overall increase in healthcare costs is the over utilization of hospital emergency rooms. This is a direct result of not having a primary care physician and/or family doctor who is the main source of healthcare delivery for an individual and/or entire family The traditional Medicaid program does not offer, or require, recipients to choose a primary care physician like, its counterpart, Medicare. Medicare still operates under the traditional fee-for-service methodology and does not require beneficiaries to identify and primary provider as well as having direct access to specialty services. This allows a cost sharing approach which results in higher out-of-pocket expenses and does not cover drug or prescription benefits. In an effort to offer better healthcare services and access as well as reduce costs the federal government allowed the States to turn to managed care and proposed a mandatory statewide implementation for the Medicaid population. In order to make major changes like these, states have to request waivers of Medicaid regulatio... ...sive.(Practice Trends)." Clinical Psychiatry News 33.2 (Feb 2005): 88(1). Academic OneFile. Thomson Gale. University of Phoenix. Retrieved February 25, 2013 from: . 5. Roohan, Patrick J., Anarella, Joseph P., & Gesten, Foster C. (July-August 2004) Quality oversight and improvement in Medicaid managed care.(Quality Assurance Reporting Requirements ). In Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 10, p321(9). 6. Wang, Cheng, Villar, Maria Elena, Mulligan, Deborah A., & Hansen, Toran. (Nov 2005) Cost and utilization analysis of a Pediatric Emergency Department Diversion Project. In Pediatrics, 116, p1075(5). Retrieved July 11, 2013, from InfoTrac OneFile via Thomson Gale:
Monday, January 13, 2020
Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet
Romeo and juliet essay : who plays a tragedy Romeo and Juliet: Who is Responsible for the Tragedy? Does Fate play a role? Who is responsible? This question is always asked of any conflict, and usually no one wants to admit that it was his or her fault. It then must be determined what the conflict was, who is responsible, and to what extent. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s, Romeo and Juliet, is based on a conflict. In Romeo and Juliet the conflict turns into a tragedy. Now that we know what the conflict was, which is a tragedy, the next step is to determine what a tragedy is?A tragedy is a conflict that ends up with something very sad happening. In Romeo and Juliet, the tragedy, is that both of these lovers kill themselves, to join the other in death. ââ¬Å"For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeoâ⬠(5,3,309-310). The next step in the problem solving process is to assess who is to blame for the tragedy. To do this we must first determine the different types of ro les played in a conflict. There are 5 main roles; there is cause, an instigator, retaliator, passivist, and moderator.The first is the cause, which can be a person or thing, that starts everything, and sometimes people donââ¬â¢t even realize that they are playing this part. In Romeo and Juliet, one of the causes is the ancient feud between the families. Tybalt says ââ¬Å"What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues and thee. â⬠(1. 1. 61-62) The second is the instigator, who is usually very mean, and something that they do or say, is usually the cause of conflict. What this person does or says is meant to provoke someone.Tybalt says to Romeo ââ¬Å"Romeo, the love I bear thee can afford No better term than this: thou art a villain. â⬠(3. 1. 53,54). These words are designed to provoke Romeo to fight. The third role, is that of the retaliator, who responds to the provocative nature of the instigator. Mercutio says to Tybalt ââ¬Å"Consort ? What, dost thou make us minstrels? And thou make minstrels of us, look to hear nothing but discords. Hereââ¬â¢s my fiddlestick, hereââ¬â¢s that shall make you danceâ⬠(3. 1. 40-43) in retaliation to a verbal jab made by Tybalt. The fourth is the passivist, who does nothing to hinder or help in the conflict.Usually someone who hasnââ¬â¢t decided who is right and hasnââ¬â¢t picked a side. The fifth is the moderator, who is trying to prevent or stop the conflict from happening. Benvolio is trying to prevent a fight when he says ââ¬Å"I pray thee, good Mercutio, letââ¬â¢s retire: The day is hot, the Capels are abroad, An if we meet we shall not escape a brawl, For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring. â⬠Now that we have determined the roles played in a conflict, it makes the next step, of determining who is responsible, and to what extent easier. Shakespeare wrote this tragedy with a lot of complexity to it.I know this because each of the people inv olved play more than one role throughout the play. First the Ancient Grudge, is a cause of fighting between the families. It has played a major role in the development of hatred in some of the people, for instance, Tybalt has picked up a hatred for the Montagues, from his Uncle Old Capulet. This Ancient Grudge has caused two brawls previous to the one we see at the start of the play. Prince says ââ¬Å"Three civil brawls, bred of an airy word, By thee, old Capulet, and Montague, Have thrice disturbed the quiet of our streets. â⬠(1. 1. 1-83) By this speech we learn of the nature of the ancient grudge. I believe that the ancient grudge is to be blamed for quite a bit of the tragedy, seeing as none of the fighting would have happened if there was no grudge, and Romeo would have been allowed to marry Juliet, without the secrecy. Second Tybalt is to be blamed for most of the tragedy, because he started the first fight on the street. He also started the fight on the beach. He killed Mercutio, which caused Romeo to retaliate and kill him. Throughout the play Tybalt is always the instigator, he is always looking for a fight.He says himself that he hates peace ââ¬Å"What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. â⬠(1. 1. 61,62) Romeo played an important role in the tragedy, but should not be blamed for any of the tragedy. He played the role of a Moderator, most of the time, like when he was on the beach and Tybalt challenged him to fight he says ââ¬Å"Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee Doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting. Villain am I none; Therefore farewell, I see thou knowest me not. â⬠(3. 1. 5-58) He also plays the role of the retaliator when Tybalt kills Mercutio. Romeo goes after Tybalt to avenge Mercutioââ¬â¢s death. Romeo says ââ¬Å"for Mercutioââ¬â¢s soul is but a little way above our heads, staying for thine to keep him Company: Either thou or I, or both must go w ith him. â⬠(3. 1. 117-120) so in this sense Romeoââ¬â¢s only fault was that he killed Tybalt, but Tybalt had tried to kill him, and had killed Mercutio, so Romeo should not be blamed. Mercutioââ¬â¢s is but, a very little bit to blame, for his own death, which made Romeo kill Tybalt, and then get Banished for that crime.Mercutio wasnââ¬â¢t going looking for a fight, But he wasnââ¬â¢t looking not to fight either. When Tybalt, comes and wants to fight, so Mercutio responds by challenging him to a fight as well. Mercutio says, ââ¬Å"Hereââ¬â¢s my fiddlestick, hereââ¬â¢s that shall make you dance. â⬠(3. 1. 41,42) We also learn that he is very proud. ââ¬Å"Menââ¬â¢s eyes were made to look, and let them gaze; I will not budge for no manââ¬â¢s pleasure, I. â⬠(3. 1. 47,48) From these passages, from the book, I have decided that Mercutio played the role of the retaliator.Therefore his fault is only in that of Tybaltââ¬â¢s, so that he should only be slightly blamed. Benvolioââ¬â¢s Role in this conflict was nothing but as a passivist/moderator. I came to this conclusion when he says things like ââ¬Å"I pray thee, good Mercutio, letââ¬â¢s retire: The day is hot, the Capels are abroad, And if we meet we shall not escape a brawlâ⬠And ââ¬Å"We talk here in the public haunt of men: Either withdraw unto some private place, or Reason coldly of your grievances, Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us. â⬠(3. 1. 43-46) By these speeches he is always trying to prevent or postpone the fight.In this case Benvolio is not to blame at all, but rather should be commended for his attempts for peace. Friar Lawerence is to be blamed also, for he had great ideaââ¬â¢s of peace after he married Juliet to Romeo. He validated the marriage of these two people, because of his ideas, and he didnââ¬â¢t do the right thing, which would be to tell the parents, and make them see that Romeo and Juliet were really in love. And to let the parents decide what would be best. He messed that up, and then he messed up some more, when he helped Juliet to deceive her parents, by faking her death.He continues to screw up to protect his original mistake of marrying Romeo and Juliet. Julietââ¬â¢s Parents also contributed by forcing her to marry Paris, and this forced her to fake her death, to get out of her marriage, and to get to Romeo. They were unaware of her previous marriage, so it is not really their fault. After determining this, there is still some confusion over the fault of some people, so that we have to look upon another factor, which may make things a little clearer. That factor is fate. Before determining what role fate played we must first determine the meaning of fate.Fate stems from the Ancient Greek Mythologies, when there were three female goddesses, who were believed to spin a thread that was your life, and they would shake it, to shake up your life. It was also believed that the Fates were in charge of when you died and when you did die, they cut the thread. To make that more clear, Fate, is when something happens or is going to happen, and you have no control over it. It tells us right in the prologue that Romeo and Julietââ¬â¢s love is fated ââ¬Å"A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life. I donââ¬â¢t really believe in fate, but in this fictional tragedy, fate was an excellent choice to explain some of the things that happened. In conclusion this exciting tragic romance, has utilized a intricate web, in the responsibility for the tragedy, so that no one can be held entirely responsible, and no one is left without a part in tragedy. The way that Shakespeare makes a person play more than one of the basic roles, throughout the conflict, is a stunning way to spark interest, because people are confused by a sudden change of attitude or character. This process leaves the audience, trying to understand, so they become intrigued.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Manifest Destiny - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 964 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? The rise of steel in the late 19th century marked an imperative time for the advancement of American society in ways that are inevitably reflected everywhere on the grounds that encompassed this modernized nation to this day. Agriculture began to decline as the nations primary source of the workforce, main prolific economic means to raking in funds from the nation that were in cahoots with the United States. The vast rural agricultural developed homesteads shared by towns scouring the united States large plains and habited areas were sufficient to say the least in the late 1800s. One concern was the means for transportation limiting a means for bartering and expansion of the goods to metropolitan vacinities. This would show discontinuation contributed by the mass production of steel and then was incorporated into the vast railways which allowed for bulk transferring of goods and supplies to lay a base for what expedited the nation of sheer competence known so well today across the globe. Revolutionizing countless realms of the upbringing of a powerful nation, steel, being produced at a mass level provided the means to simply hail it as the turning point of this point in time. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Manifest Destiny" essay for you Create order Manifest destiny had never been so prevalent than the times when immigrants flooded the New York harbors in a means for labor and seeking a desired better life for the immigrants with a family or ones seeking for a more reliable region to do just that, with the economy booming and steel being the ignition of said boom echoing throughout the whole country during the period. Approaching the 1920s workers in agricultural jobs met the industrial scene one to one with workers in either fields. That being the case it was a massive spike in numbers compared to just half a century before with the numbers of agricultural-industrial workers being three to one. Growth of the population ultimately expedited the growth of railways and micro production of goods with the help of steel making it all plausible. The growth of populations was concentrated in the urban sections of the nation. Cities expanded from previously holding only around one quarter of the national population to more than one half of the entire population. The 23 million children of immigrants played a role in this, also including the 14 million immigrants, this means that over one-third of the American population was considered to be the immigrant community which covers the first and second generations of immigrants. In the 1880s, when the agricultural industry had for the most part disappeared, still almost half of the American workers were still farmers and only about 15% worked in manufacturing of any sort. The industrial industry consisted mainly of small workshops that relied on artisan own hands to produce tools and other artefacts. Except for the towns that had railroads running through them or access to the ocean for exports and import business, isolation and the large costs of transportation forced these communities to be for the most part self sufficient with their food, clothing, and many other everyday life objects. This however, changed a lot in the early 20th century, as the increased supply and lowered costs of manufactured goods which changed the world for both urban and rural consumers. Not even a few decades ago these goods didnt even exist. With the help of the nations rapidly growing system of railroads and highways they were transported all over faster than ever. By 1920, one half of people in farms had cars and phones, and furniture, and other goods from local markets. Many small industries, such as traditional grain mills and sawmills were located in rural areas close to flowing rivers in order to power machinery. After the technological revolutions of the early industrial age, workshops and small industries were supported by the large factories that engaged in mass production. Commercial electricity allowed factories to take advantage of the large labor supply in cities were people were concentrated. The new jobs for the average middle working class were in the cities. In this way the Industrial Revolution converted the United States from a rural society to an urban society. Young people who grew up in a poor farm saw the greater opportunities available in the cities and moved there, just like millions of immigrants that came from Europe. Housing for all the new people of cities was a problem, this resulted in many workers living in urban slums. They lived closed to open sewers that ran alongside the streets, and the water supply was often dirty and contaminated which ended up causing disease. These horrible urban conditions made the people angry which gave rise to the Progressive Movement which was many new laws that would protect and support people. This event would change the relationship between how the government and the people interacted. Inventors of American origin such as Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison created a long list of new technologies that improved communication, transportation, and industrial production. Edison made improvements to existing technologies for the telegraph while also creating revolutionary new technologies such as the light bulb. Bell explored new speaking and hearing technologies, and became known as the inventor of the telephone. In conclusion, in the 1880s the industrialization movement depended much more on mechanization which means the replacement of people with machines to increase production as well as profits. Henry Fords assembly line was a key factor and the rise of mass production only strengthened this effect. As a result, both the steel industry and the immigrants played an equal amounts of importance in creating the Industrial Revolution. They were significant in society because they changed many things that remain the same to this day. Many inventions that are parts of our daily lives were created during this period proving their importance.
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment - 1887 Words
Should women be treated equal to any other person under the law? Should the United States of America abolish all legal differences of men and women? This is a very controversial topic and the discussion of this goes all the way back to the early feminist movement of the ninteenhundreds. Equality for women could be accomplished if the equal rights amendment is ratified by the states. The Equal Rights Amendment states, ââ¬Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.â⬠The campaign to pass the ERA has long been a war of feminist versus feminist. One faction focused on the similarities of the sexes and womenââ¬â¢s humanity to demand equality and the other feminists focusedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Representative Bella Abzug of New York and feminists Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem, it won the requisite two-thirds vote from the U.S. House of Representatives in October 1971. In March 1972, it was approved by the U.S. Senate and sent to the state. Once it was sent to the states for ratification in March 1972 it had seven years to become ratified by three-fourths of the states. By 1973 the ERA had become ratified by 30 of the required 38 states. The ERA only was ratified in five more states before the 1979 deadline was reached, then Congress extended the deadline to 1982. The supporters organized boycotts and demonstrations in numerous states that hadnââ¬â¢t ratified the amendment yet in hopes of gaining support. However, after the extension of the deadline, some of the states, due to growing opposition, wished to rescind their ratification of the amendment and no more ratified it. Despite public opinion polls showed the majority in favor of the ERA, the amendment fell short of being ratified by three states. Society of the past was a major opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment. They believed men were better than the women and therefore could work better while women were more suited to work inside the home. The culture of domesticity often referred to as the Cult of Domesticity was the prevailing ideals throughout most of the 19th century that held by society about upper and middle class women. As pointed out by John Green in his video ââ¬Å"Women in the 19thShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of the Equal Rights Amendment Essay1285 Words à |à 6 PagesPros and Cons of the Equal Rights Amendment The Equal Rights Amendment began its earliest discussions in 1920. These discussions took place immediately after two-thirds of the states approved womens suffrage. The nineteenth century was intertwined with several feminist movements such as abortion, temperance, birth control and equality. Many lobbyists and political education groups formed in these times. One such organization is the Eagle Forum, who claims to lead the pro-family movement. OnRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment1239 Words à |à 5 PagesThe full text of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) reads as follows, ââ¬Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sexâ⬠(qtd. in Stewart 33). These twenty-four words would become some of the most controversial of the twentieth century. Under the nineteenth amendment, American women obtained the right to vote in 1920. This amendment inspired Alice Paul to draft the first ERA whic h she then introduced to the United States CongressRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1327 Words à |à 6 Pagesfourth amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, and was introduced to Congress by James Madison in 1789. The role of the Fourth Amendment is to prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and a warrant is to be required that is supported by probable cause. Even though the Amendment was introduced in 1789, it wasnââ¬â¢t adopted as an official amendment until 1792, because in December of 1791 three quarters of the states had ratified the amendment. The fourth amendment hadRead MoreWhy the Equal Rights Ammendment Was Defeated Essay763 Words à |à 4 Pagessame rights as men, so they wanted to conceive an amendment that would force people to treat them as equally as men and anyone else. This amendment was called the Equal Rights Amendment. On March 22, 1972, the equal rights amendment, E.R.A., was passed by the United States Senate and was sent to the states for ratification. Thirty states ratified the amendment but then a revolutionary turn took place and states were backing out of their ratification left and right. The Equal Rights Amendment was defeatedRead MorePros And Cons Of The Electoral College1308 Words à |à 6 Pagesget to choose the president or vice president. This system completely ignores the popular vote and the will of the people. Richard Lempert, one of the writers of ââ¬Å"The Pros and Cons of the Electoral College System,â⬠states, ââ¬Å"If democracy means majority rules, the Electoral College is an undemocratic institutionâ⬠(ââ¬Å"The Pros and Consâ⬠18). The Electoral College needs to be reformed because it is an outdated system, it takes power away from an individualââ¬â¢s vote, and gives more power to the ââ¬Å"swing statesRead MoreTenure Of The K 12 School Systems884 Words à |à 4 Pagesrequired for teachers in the K-12 school systems? Rights protected in the 1st and 14th amendment back up the tenure systems. The first amendment states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Following, the 14th amendment states No state shall make or enforce any law whichRead MorePros and Cons School Uniform1515 Words à |à 7 PagesPros and Cons of School Uniforms Trina Warren Liberty University Professor Mink GRST 500/501 June 17, 2013 Abstract The decision for school district to enforce school uniforms has been in existence since the 16th century. School uniforms were originally created for poor children; however, over time, schools saw uniforms as a way to bring students together. There has been debate whether uniforms improve academic success while reducing affiliation of violence. There is opinion and study thatRead MoreLegal Abortion: Arguments Pro and Con.984 Words à |à 4 PagesAbortion: Arguments Pro and Con. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the world nowadays. Currently, abortion is legal in America, and many people believe that it should remain legal. These people, pro-choice activists, say that it is the womens right whether or not to have a child. However, there are many groups who are lobbying the Congress to pass laws that would make abortion illegal. These people are called the pro-life activists. Both pro-life and pro-choice activists referRead MoreThe Fight Over Assisted Suicide1746 Words à |à 7 Pagesreasons depending on your stance on the issue. There have been challenges made based off the constitution, the right to privacy and moral reasons for both sides. While there have been many notable persons of interest during this time some have helped the cause as others have hindered progress. There have been attempts to challenge physician assisted suicide based off the Fourteenth amendment of the constitution and the Due Process Clause. Those in favor have argued that in not allowing people accessRead MoreGun Control : A Controversial Issue For More Than A Century1044 Words à |à 5 Pagesand there is yet to be a definitive solution or consensus. Proponents of gun control believe there should be stricter regulations, and more in depth background checks before someone is allowed to purchase a firearm. Among other things, the Second Amendment was added to our Constitution because the founders believed the private ownership of guns was necessary for the protection of our liberties. California requires all gun sales to be transacted through a licensed dealer and to obtain a state license
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Biology 1010 Enzyme free essay sample
The presence of quinones prevents infection of microorganisms because it is toxic to them (Danyk, H, 2013). Quinones are produced by the oxidation of phenolic compound of catechol. Enzymes are used to speed up chemical reactions in cells (Danyk, H, 2013). The enzyme catechol oxidase is used to speed up the production of benzoquinone which is to help in infection prevention. In this study catechol oxidase was combined with potato juice extract and water. To provide more results of the enzymes productivity patterns the solutions; temperatures were changed, alterations were made in pH, and the amount of concentration of catechol was altered. The solutions absorption was measured by a spectrophotmeter, this determined what conditions the enzyme produced benzoquinone the most. This is done to prove that the more basic the pH is, at room temperature, and with higher concentration of catechol oxidase it will produce more benzoquinone. This will happen until the present amount of catechol oxidase becomes limited due to its participation in the reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology 1010 Enzyme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Methods and Materials There were six test tubes needed in the first procedure where the proper amount of mL was placed within; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24. One at a time 5mL of the neutral pH 7 was added to the tubes where the equal amounts of catechol (corresponding the number on the tube) were also dropped in respectfully. To make sure that every test tube was equal in there amount of volume, more of the pH 7 were then added drop by drop, starting at the beginning; 23, 22, 20, 16, and 8. All consisting of equal parts in volume the test tubes were combined with 30 drops of potato juice extract from an eyedropper and shaken so the entire mixture could become equally distributed throughout the enclosed area. Keeping the tubes at room temperature while mixing at one-minute intervals would continue to help the substrate availability have an effect on the enzyme activity. A 3-degree water bath would then set this activity so that the yield of enzymes catalyzed could be determined. In the occurrence of a pH change where any enzymes are present within the medium can cause the structures; both secondary and tertiary, to become disturbed which will cause these weak hydrogen bonds to become denatured. The extent of the denaturation of the bonded enzymes is affected by the emphasis of the pH change. In cases where the pH change is very minimal there is the possibility that the correct structure can become regenerated completely from its optimum pH becoming reached again. Ideally this procedure will result in substances that are more basic and acidic to produce less benzoquinone and substances that have a pH of seven, or close to seven, will produce a higher concentration of benzoquinone because of the preferred neutrality that a pH of seven has. When preforming this procedure one must begin with five test tubes that are occupied with the correct amount of substance that has the pH of 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 which will be used. Once this buffer is created for each tube, 10 drops of potato juice as well as catechol oxidase containing the enzymes must be added and shaken in order to equally distribute all the components so that a possible change in pH can occur. Once placed in a 3 degree water bath the variety of colors in the substances due to the new pH change would have had a chance to completely set, making it possible to determine which pH is ideal for the most amount of benzoquinone to be produced. The amount of product is related to the temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater amount of collisions that will occur between the reactants. This will then result in a higher amount of product. When the temperature reaches a specific point where it can no longer cause any further reactions, the weakest bonds will break causing the enzymes to undergo denaturation and lose their catalytic function. In order to complete this procedure six test tubes were retrieved where filled one by one with 3 mL each of pH 7. The test tubes were placed in their respective water baths (one each in a 3, 12, 20, 35, 50 and 70 degree water bath) while 10 drops of potato juice extract and catechol were added from an eyedropper, the tubes must stay sitting in their water baths during this step. The tubes full of this mixture would be left for 15 minutes, stirring at one-minute intervals, so that they could ably reach the highest point that temperature is capable of and prohibit any further reactions to occur due to denaturation. Once this point had been reached the tubes could then be moved to a 3-degree water bath to continue to set so that the absorbance amount could then be determined from the effect that different temperatures have on catechol oxidase. Results The results presented are a mean of the class data. The lab manual presented information explaining the effects of catechol oxidase producing benzoquinone. Seen, through the collected data more presence is seen absorbed in the solution when the concentration is higher (figure 1). With very little catechol added there was very little presence of benzoquinone making the enzyme the limiting factor halting the production. Figure 2. looks at the pH change in distilled water added to the catechol oxidase and potato juice extract. By the data shown very acidic and very basic solutions were unable to produce as much benzoquinone. Bringing the enzyme to a more neutral state speeds up the production. The standard curve shows this by the peak at the concentration of pH 7. Looking at the solutions placed in different temperatures the data in figure 3 shows most production at 20-degrees F and 35-degrees F. Being at these temperatures are closest to room temperature, which is 25-degreesF, the enzyme produced best stored at this temperature. Discussion Production Of Benzoquinone With Graph Data Through the group results, seen in figure1, figure 2, and figure 3, the mean brought very similar absorption readings. The catechol oxidase with potato juice extract seemed to vary in production in pH data collected, though there was still gradual increase in production. Temperature solutions showed common production the 70- degrees F temperature and 3-degrees F temperature. As for the number of drops of catechol oxidase added to the solution proved that more of the enzyme present will lead to greater production of benzoquinone. Common Errors and Ways to Improve The amounts of drops that were put into the test tubes may not have been exactly the correct amount. This was exemplified through the test tube labeled 70 degrees. The absorption value was 90, most likely because more drops of potato juice extract or catechol were added to the test tube then needed. These unexpected results could be tested by redoing the procedure and being critical about how many drops each test tube was given. Production of Benzoquinone The results of the three procedures; substrate amount, pH, and temperature were fairly close to the hypothesis. The hypothesis was when there is a greater presence of catechol; a greater amount of benzoquinone will be produced up until the present amount of catechol oxidase becomes limited due to its participation in the reactions. All three of the procedures supported this hypothesis. The reliability of the results that were obtained is slightly lower than what would be wanted.
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